Sun Temple - Jinavari
Jamnagar, GujaratIndia

Sun Temple - Jinavari

The ancient temple of Gop is considered the earliest surviving stone temple of Saurashtra, Gujarat. Burgess in 1876 estimated it not later than the 6th century. Sankalia states that the temple belongs to the 5th century but not earlier than Uparkot caves of Junagadh based on the Kahu-Jo-Darro stupa of Mirpurkhas. The temple is generally dated to the late 6th century (575-600 CE).


K. V. Soundara Rajan assigned the first half of the 7th century. The most probable date considered now is the last quarter of the 6th century (Maitraka period) to the first half of the 7th century. The temple is a protected monument by the Archeological Survey of India and is designated as Monument of National Importance (N-GJ-133).

Sun Temple - Jinavari

Sun Temple - Jinavari Architecture

The temple has a square plan to which were added bricked double courtyards centuries later. The temple was bigger and included a mandapa and a roofed pradakshina-path (circumambulation passage), but most of it was damaged and has fallen away leaving a peculiar looking skeletal structure. The sanctum walls remain standing and parts above the shikhara. The shrine is 10 feet 9 inches square from inside. It is 23 feet high and has 2 feet 6 inches thick walls. The walls are plain without any ornamentation and perpendicular to height till 17 feet and over it survives the pyramidal shikhara. Each course is about 8 inches deep and is jointed. Thus it is built from stones without any kind of cement. At 11 feet from the floor, there are four holes in the front and back walls, each 14 inches high, probably for joists; and over them, in sidewalls, are six smaller holes, probably for rafters. The sanctum faces the east. Its front wall fell and seems rebuilt at someone with the inner sides of the stones turned out, showing the sockets of the clamps with which the stones had been secured. There is an inscription on the left jamb of the door that Burgess was unable to decipher.

The shikhara (spire) is formed by six or seven courses having bevelled edges followed by square faces and at last the apex covered by the single slab. It follows the corbel principle, the interior is hollow. From the outside, it rises in tiers having three clear divisions. The lowest division has two gavakshas or arch-shaped motifs on each side, with some images carved in. The apex is crowned by a single stone amalaka (stone disc) on it. Some figures on the Shikhara are identifiable. There is a Ganesha figure still visible in the west side and another Deva figure on the north side. There are a series of holes 21⁄2 feet below the string course which supported beams that once supported the roof of the inner courtyard.


Of two courtyards, the inner courtyard is mostly broken. It was 35 feet 2 inches square with the bay on the east side 18 feet 4 inches by 7 feet 3 inches. It may have served as a parikrama path so it is sandhara (with circumambulatory path) type of temple. The basement of it was decorated on all four sides by one niche in the centre and one each at the corners. These are empty but likely had sculpture inside. The stretch between these niches was ornamented with small figures such as dwarfs. The outer courtyard was about 91⁄2 feet wide. It was probably open above or at least laterally.


There are two figures of deities in yellow stone inside the shrine. It can not be decided who are they exactly. They are locally known as Rama and Lakshaman. The Ram figure has a high square Mukuta or head-dress while Lakshamana has a low crown, long ear-rings, ringlets and holds a spear in their right hand. The temple features iconography of Vishnu, Skandha, Surya (the solar deity) and the temple has been locally called Surya Mandir. The site also shows iconography of Shivaism, with evidence that Hindu monks lived here.

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